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Edinburgh Castle is a historic fortress which dominates the skyline of the city of Edinburgh, Scotland from its position on the Castle Rock. Archaeologists have established human occupation of the rock since at least the Iron Age (2nd century AD), although the nature of the early settlement is unclear. There has been a royal castle on the rock since at least the reign of David I in the 12th century, and the site continued to be a royal residence until 1633. From the 15th century the castle's residential role declined, and by the 17th century it was principally used as military barracks with a large garrison. Its importance as a part of Scotland's national heritage was recognised increasingly from the early 19th century onwards, and various restoration programmes have been carried out over the past century and a half. As one of the most important strongholds in the Kingdom of Scotland, Edinburgh Castle was involved in many historical conflicts from the Wars of Scottish Independence in the 14th century to the Jacobite rising of 1745. Research undertaken in 2014 identified 26 sieges in its 1100-year-old history, giving it a claim to having been “the most besieged place in Great Britain and one of the most attacked in the world”.

Avatar is a 2009 sci-fi film directed by James Cameron. It takes place in the 22nd century on Pandora, a moon populated by a race of aliens called Na’vi. People have created avatars, artificial bodies that look like the Na’vi people, to be able to explore Pandora. The only difference between the avatars and the Na’vi is that avatars have five fingers and eyebrows, but the Na’vi have only four fingers.

Avatar is most famous for its innovative use of CGI (computer-generated imagery) that makes up sixty per cent of the whole film and allows it to have very realistic aliens in it. Cameron wanted to create this film much earlier, but he was waiting for the technology to get better. As a result of his effort, Avatar has won three Academy Awards out of nine that it was nominated for and is the highest-grossing film ever.